Thelan v. Somatics. A case in which the jury found Somatics,
the manufacturer of the electroshock machine used on Jeffrey Thelan, failed
to warn about the risks associated with its electroshock machine.
The
Cognitive Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Community Settings, Harold
A Sackeim, Joan Prudic, Rice Fuller, John Keilp, Philip W Lavori and Mark Olfson,
Neuropsychopharmacology (2007) 32, 244–254. This study, which it
says is the first of its kind despite the long-standing controversy over the
brain damage caused by Electroshock found that it does indeed cause cognitive
deficits. "This study provides the first evidence in a large, prospective
sample that adverse cognitive effects can persist for an extended period, and
that they characterize routine treatment with ECT in community settings,"
Autobiographical Amnesia with ECT: An Analysis of the
Roles of Stimulus Wave Form, Electrode Placement, Stimulus Energy, and
Seizure Length, Walter F. Daniel, Richard D. Weiner, and Herbert F. Crovitz,
Received April 19, 1982, Revised July 24,1982, Biological Psychiatry,
Vol. 18, No.1, 1983.
http://psychrights.org/Research/Digest/electroshock/PBregginCites/AAECTARSWFEPSESL.pdf
Changes in the Brain After Electrically Induced
Convulsions In Cats, by Bernard J. Alpers, M.D. and Joseph Hughes, M.D.,
Philadelphia, Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, Editorial Board,
Tracy J. Putnam, Chief Editor, New York, Louis Casamajor, New York, S.W.
Ranson, Chicago, Stanley Cobb, Boston, John Whitehorn, Baltimore, Adolf
Meyer, Baltimore, Bernard J. Alpers, Philapelphia, Percival Bailey, Chicago,
Wilder Penfield, Contributing Member, Montreal. Volume 47, 1942, Publishers
American Medical Association, Chicago ILL.
http://psychrights.org/Research/Digest/electroshock/PBregginCites/ArchvsNrlgyPsychtry1942.pdf
Editorial: The Cognitive Effects of ECT: Bridging the
Gap Between Research and Clinical Practice, by Charles H. Kellner, M.D.,
Charleston, South Carolina, Convulsive Therapy, 12(3):133-135, 1996
Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia.
http://www.psychrights.org/Research/Digest/Electroshock/PBregginCites/CgntvEffctsECTBrdggGpBtnRsrhCP.pdf
Differential Memory Complaints After Bilateral and
Unilateral ECT, by Joanne Rosenberg, M.S., and Helen M. Pettinati, Ph.D.,
Am J Psychiatry 141:9, September 1984.
Distinct memory impairments following electroconvulsive
therapy and imipramine, by Avraham Calev, Edna Ben-Tzvi, Baruch Shapira,
Heinz Drexler, Refael Carasso, and Bernard Lerer, From the Jerusalem Mental
Health Center-Ezrat-Nashim Hospital, Jerusalem and Bar-Ilan Unversity, Ramat
Gan, Israel, Psychological Medicine, 1989, 19, 111-119.
http://www.psychrights.org/Research/Digest/Electroshock/PBregginCites/DstnctMmryImpmntFlwgECTImpmn.pdf
Electroconvulsive Therapy: Report of the Task Force on
Electroconvulsive Therapy of the American Psychiatric Association, by Fred
H. Frankel, M.B.Ch.B., T.George Bidder, M.D., Max Fink, M.D., Michel R.
Mandel, M.D., Iver F. Small, M.D., George J. Wayne, Ph.D., M.D., Larry R.
Squire, Ph.D., Consultant, Edward N. Dutton, M.D., Falk Fellow, Lee Gurel,
Ph.D., Staff Liaison, May 1978, APA: Task Force Report 14.
http://www.psychrights.org/Research/Digest/Electroshock/PBregginCites/ECTAmrcnPsychtrcAssc.pdf
ECT: Sham Statistics, the Myth of Convulsive Therapy,
and the Case for Consumer Misinformation, by Douglas G. Cameron, World
Association of Electroshock Survivors, 1994 The Institute of Mind and
Behavior, Inc. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, Winter and Spring 1994,
Volume 15, Number 1 and 2, pages 177-198.
http://www.psychrights.org/Research/Digest/Electroshock/PBregginCites/ECTSSMCTCCMDouglasCameron.pdf
Effects of ECT upon Brain Electrical Activity,
(Uncorrected Copy Not for Direct Quotation), by Richard D. Weiner, M.D.,
Ph.D., Helen J. Rogers, Ph.D., Jonathan R.T. Davidson, M.B., D.P.M., E.
Michael Kahn, M.D., Presented at: International Conference on ECT:
Clinical and Basic Research Issues, New York City, January 16-18, 1985.
http://www.psychrights.org/Research/Digest/Electroshock/PBregginCites/EffctsECTUponBrnElectrclActvty.pdf
Electroconvulsive Theraphy, Report of the Task Force on
Electroconvulsive Therapy of the American Psychiatric Association, by Fred
H. Frankel, M.B.Ch.B., T. George Bidder, M.D., Max Fink, M.D., Michel R.
Mandel, M.D., Iver F. Small, M.D., George J. Wayne, Ph.D., M.D., Larry R.
Squire, Ph.D., Edward N. Dutton, M.D., Lee Gurel, Ph.D., American
Psychiatric Association May 1978.
http://www.psychrights.org/Research/Digest/Electroshock/PBregginCites/ElctrcvlsvThrpyMay1978.pdf
Early and Long-Term Effects of Electroconvulsive
Therapy and Depression on Memory and Other Cognitive Functions, by Avraham
Calev, D. Phil., Doran Nigal, M.A., Baruch Shapira, M.D., Nurith Tubi, M.A.,
Shella Chazan, M.A., Yoram Ben-Yehuda, B.A., Sol Kugelmass, Ph.D., The
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1991, Vol. 179, No.9.
http://www.psychrights.org/Research/Digest/Electroshock/PBregginCites/ErlyLngtrmEffctsECTDprMmyOCFnc.pdf
Relationship of ethnic background, religion, diagnosis,
memory, and other variables to presence of Shock “Therapy” History for a
sample of hospitalized mental patients: Preliminary Investigation of the
lasting effects of shock treatment on behavior, by Robert F. Morgan,
Interamerican Journal of Psychology, Revista Interamericana De
Psicologia, December 1967.
http://www.psychrights.org/Research/Digest/Electroshock/PBregginCites/RevistaInteramericanaDePsicologia.pdf
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