•What does it cover?
–Different contexts in each regional treaty and in national legislations
–Universally applicable interpretation is as obligation underlying International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 7 (torture and CIDT)
•Broad construction of Article 7, for example to prohibit
corporal punishment as
disciplinary or educational measure
–Can be usable now to reinforce right to free and informed consent, and begin to address medical intervention over objection as violence